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Cognitive vulnerability to bipolar disorder in offspring of parents with bipolar disorder
Author(s) -
Pavlickova Hana,
Turnbull Oliver,
Bentall Richard P.
Publication year - 2014
Publication title -
british journal of clinical psychology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.479
H-Index - 92
eISSN - 2044-8260
pISSN - 0144-6657
DOI - 10.1111/bjc.12051
Subject(s) - bipolar disorder , psychology , cognition , vulnerability (computing) , offspring , clinical psychology , cognitive vulnerability , psychiatry , developmental psychology , pregnancy , biology , genetics , depressive symptoms , computer security , computer science
Background Bipolar disorder is a highly heritable illness, with a positive family history robustly predictive of its onset. It follows that studying biological children of parents with bipolar disorder may provide information about developmental pathways to the disorder. Moreover, such studies may serve as a useful test of theories that attribute a causal role in the development of mood disorders to psychological processes. Method Psychological style (including self‐esteem, coping style with depression, domain‐specific risk‐taking, sensation‐seeking, sensitivity to reward and punishment, and hypomanic personality and cognition) was assessed in 30 offspring of bipolar parents and 30 children of well parents. Parents of both child groups completed identical assessments. Results Although expected differences between parents with bipolar disorder and well parents were detected (such as low self‐esteem, increased rumination, high sensitivity to reward and punishment), offspring of bipolar parents were, as a group, not significantly different from well offspring, apart from a modest trend towards lower adaptive coping. When divided into affected and non‐affected subgroups, both groups of index children showed lower novelty‐seeking. Only affected index children showed lower self‐esteem, increased rumination, sensitivity to punishment, and hypomanic cognitions. Notably, these processes were associated with symptoms of depression. Conclusion Psychological abnormalities in index offspring were associated with having met diagnostic criteria for psychiatric illnesses and the presence of mood symptoms, rather than preceding them. Implications of the present findings for our understanding of the development of bipolar disorder, as well as for informing early interventions, are discussed. Practitioner points Decreased active coping and seeking for novel stimuli might be one of first psychological indications relevant to the future development of mood disorders. Psychological abnormalities typical for individuals with mood disorders were present only in already affected offspring of parents with bipolar disorder.Limitations of the studyThis was a cross‐sectional study; longitudinal design would greatly enhance our understanding of the association between psychological processes and symptoms. The sample size in this study was modest.