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Response inhibition and interference control in patients with bipolar I disorder and first‐degree relatives
Author(s) -
Hıdıroğlu Ceren,
Torres Ivan J,
Er Ayşe,
Işık Gizem,
Yalın Nefize,
Yatham Lakshmi N,
Ceylan Deniz,
Özerdem Ayşegül
Publication year - 2015
Publication title -
bipolar disorders
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 2.285
H-Index - 129
eISSN - 1399-5618
pISSN - 1398-5647
DOI - 10.1111/bdi.12335
Subject(s) - stroop effect , bipolar disorder , asymptomatic , audiology , medicine , psychology , psychiatry , cognition
Objectives The current study aimed to assess both response inhibition ( RI ) and interference control ( IC ) in euthymic patients with bipolar disorder ( BD ‐Ps) as well as asymptomatic first‐degree relatives ( BD ‐Rs) and healthy controls ( HC s) in order to evaluate trait‐as opposed to illness‐associated features of these components. Methods BD ‐Ps (n = 35) who had been in the euthymic state for at least six months, BD ‐Rs (n = 30), and HC s (n = 33) completed a Stop‐Signal Task ( SST ) and Stroop Task to assess RI and IC , respectively. Groups were compared on the stop‐signal reaction time ( SSRT ), stop‐signal delay ( SSD ), mean reaction time on go trials (go‐ RT ), Stroop interference score (S‐interference), and number of errors on the color–word‐naming trial (S‐error). Associations between the patient's clinical features and RI and IC , between the patient's treatment and RI and IC , and between RI and IC in each group were investigated. Results BD ‐Ps and BD ‐Rs had significantly shorter go‐ RT and SSD , and longer SSRT compared to HC s, with these scores being similar between the BD ‐Ps and BD ‐Rs. Also, both BD ‐Ps and BD ‐Rs made significantly more S‐errors than HC s, whereas, the S‐interference score was not significantly different between groups. There were no significant correlations between Stroop Task and SST scores within each group, nor between clinical features or treatment variables and RI and IC in BD ‐Ps. Conclusions Overall, impairment in RI and IC (only on S‐error score) was present in both patients and relatives. The persistence of these deficits in the absence of mood symptoms suggests that these features may represent candidate endophenotypes for bipolar disorder.