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The association between Darier disease, bipolar disorder, and schizophrenia revisited: a population‐based family study
Author(s) -
Cederlöf Martin,
Bergen Sarah E,
Långström Niklas,
Larsson Henrik,
Boman Marcus,
Craddock Nick,
Östberg Per,
Lundström Sebastian,
Sjölander Arvid,
Nordlind Klas,
Landén Mikael,
Lichtenstein Paul
Publication year - 2015
Publication title -
bipolar disorders
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 2.285
H-Index - 129
eISSN - 1399-5618
pISSN - 1398-5647
DOI - 10.1111/bdi.12257
Subject(s) - schizophrenia (object oriented programming) , bipolar disorder , darier's disease , psychiatry , association (psychology) , medicine , population , psychology , disease , clinical psychology , psychotherapist , mood , environmental health
Objectives Darier disease is an autosomal dominant skin disorder caused by mutations in the ATPase, Ca++ transporting, cardiac muscle, slow twitch 2 ( ATP 2A2 ) gene and previously reported to cosegregate with bipolar disorder and schizophrenia in occasional pedigrees. It is, however, unknown whether these associations exist also in the general population, and the objective of this study was to examine this question. Methods We compared a national sample of individuals with Darier disease and their first‐degree relatives with matched unexposed individuals from the general population and their first‐degree relatives, respectively. To examine risks for bipolar disorder and schizophrenia, risk ratios and 95% confidence intervals ( CI s) were estimated using conditional logistic regressions. Results Individuals with Darier disease had a 4.3 times higher risk of being diagnosed with bipolar disorder (95% CI : 2.6–7.3) and a 2.3 times higher risk of being diagnosed with schizophrenia (95% CI : 1.1–5.2) than matched individuals from the general population. Relatives of individuals with Darier disease had a 1.6 times higher risk of having bipolar disorder (95% CI : 1.1–2.5) than relatives of matched individuals from the general population, but no increased risk of schizophrenia (risk ratio = 0.8, 95% CI : 0.4–1.8). Conclusions The association between Darier disease and bipolar disorder is manifest also in the population, and our data suggest that genetic variability within the ATP 2A2 gene that causes Darier disease also confers susceptibility for bipolar disorder. The Darier‐causing mutations merit additional attention in molecular genetic research on bipolar disorder.