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Understanding Epigenetic Effects of Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals: From Mechanisms to Novel Test Methods
Author(s) -
AlavianGhavanini Ali,
Rüegg Joëlle
Publication year - 2018
Publication title -
basic and clinical pharmacology and toxicology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.805
H-Index - 90
eISSN - 1742-7843
pISSN - 1742-7835
DOI - 10.1111/bcpt.12878
Subject(s) - epigenetics , dna methylation , histone , endocrine system , biology , epigenesis , computational biology , bioinformatics , genetics , gene , physiology , hormone , endocrinology , gene expression
Abstract Endocrine‐disrupting chemicals ( EDC s) are man‐made chemicals that interfere with hormonal signalling pathways. They are used in, for example, production of common household materials, in resin‐based medical supplies and in pesticides. Thus, they are environmentally ubiquitous and human beings and wildlife are exposed to them on a daily basis. Early‐life exposure to EDC s has been associated with later‐life adversities such as obesity, diabetes and cancer. Mechanisms underlying such associations are unknown but are likely to be mediated by epigenetic changes induced by EDC s. Epigenetics is the study of changes in gene function that are heritable but do not entail a change in DNA sequence. EDC s have been shown to affect epigenetic marks such as DNA methylation and histone modifications. The scope of this article was to review today's knowledge about mechanisms involved in EDC ‐induced epigenetic changes and to discuss how this knowledge could be used for designing novel methods addressing epigenetic effects of EDC s.