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Inhibition of UVB ‐Induced Skin Damage by Exopolymers from Aureobasidium pullulans SM‐2001 in Hairless Mice
Author(s) -
Kim Kyung Hu,
Park Soo Jin,
Lee Young Joon,
Lee Ji Eun,
Song Chang Hyun,
Choi Seong Hun,
Ku Sae Kwang,
Kang Su Jin
Publication year - 2015
Publication title -
basic and clinical pharmacology and toxicology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.805
H-Index - 90
eISSN - 1742-7843
pISSN - 1742-7835
DOI - 10.1111/bcpt.12288
Subject(s) - hairless , chemistry , glutathione , antioxidant , biochemistry , pharmacology , lipid peroxidation , microbiology and biotechnology , enzyme , biology
Because antioxidants from natural sources may be an effective approach to the treatment and prevention of UV radiation‐induced skin damage, the effects of purified exopolymers from Aureobasidium pullulans SM‐2001 (‘E‐ AP ‐SM2001’) were evaluated in UVB ‐induced hairless mice. E‐ AP ‐SM2001 consists of 1.7% β‐1,3/1,6‐glucan, fibrous polysaccharides and other organic materials, such as amino acids, and mono‐ and di‐unsaturated fatty acids (linoleic and linolenic acids) and shows anti‐osteoporotic and immunomodulatory effects, through antioxidant and anti‐inflammatory mechanisms. Hairless mice were treated topically with vehicle, E‐ AP ‐SM2001 stock and two and four times diluted solutions once per day for 15 weeks against UVB irradiation (three times per week at 0.18 J/cm 2 ). The following parameters were evaluated in skin samples: myeloperoxidase ( MPO ) activity, cytokine levels [interleukin ( IL )‐1β and IL ‐10], endogenous antioxidant content (glutathione, GSH ), malondialdehyde ( MDA ) levels, superoxide anion production; matrix metalloproteases ( MMP ‐1, ‐9 and ‐13), GSH reductase and Nox2 (gp91phox) mRNA levels, and immunoreactivity for nitrotyrosine ( NT ), 4‐hydroxynonenal ( HNE ), caspase‐3, and cleaved poly( ADP ‐ribose) polymerase ( PARP ). Photoageing was induced by UVB irradiation through ROS ‐mediated inflammation, which was related to the depletion of endogenous antioxidants, activation of MMP s and keratinocyte apoptosis. Topical treatment with all three doses of E‐ AP ‐SM2001 and 5 n m myricetin attenuated the UV ‐induced depletion of GSH , activation of MMP s, production of IL ‐1β, the decrease in IL ‐10 and keratinocyte apoptosis. In this study, E‐ AP ‐SM2001 showed potent inhibitory effects against UVB ‐induced skin photoageing. Thus, E‐ AP ‐SM2001 may be useful as a functional ingredient in cosmetics, especially as a protective agent against UVB ‐induced skin photoageing.