Premium
In Vitro Approaches for Detection of Chemical Sensitization
Author(s) -
Roggen Erwin L.
Publication year - 2014
Publication title -
basic and clinical pharmacology and toxicology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.805
H-Index - 90
eISSN - 1742-7843
pISSN - 1742-7835
DOI - 10.1111/bcpt.12202
Subject(s) - adverse outcome pathway , skin sensitization , mode of action , adverse effect , sensitization , outcome (game theory) , computer science , action (physics) , mechanism (biology) , risk analysis (engineering) , medicine , computational biology , data science , biochemical engineering , pharmacology , toxicology , biology , engineering , immunology , philosophy , physics , mathematics , mathematical economics , epistemology , quantum mechanics
Concerns, legislation and research needs have precipitated developments such as the mode of action concept, the Tox21 strategy , the concept of pathways of toxicity and the adverse outcome pathway framework. New technologies and paradigms are currently transforming these concepts into applicable animal‐free toxicity testing systems. The adverse outcome pathway framework provides a structure for collecting, organizing and evaluating the available data that describe the compound and the events resulting in an adverse outcome at a biological level of organization. The current chapter intends to provide a non‐exhaustive review of (i) our current understanding of the molecular mechanisms driven the key events of the mode of action for sensitization induction by chemicals, (ii) the tools that were developed on the basis of the available knowledge and (iii) the major gaps that need to be filled.