Premium
A European pharmacotherapeutic agent roflumilast exploring integrated preclinical and clinical evidence for SARS CoV‐2 mediated inflammation to organ damage
Author(s) -
Singh Yogendra,
Fuloria Neeraj Kumar,
Fuloria Shivkanya,
Subramaniyan Vetriselvan,
Almalki Waleed Hassan,
Alabbasi Fahad A.,
Kazmi Imran,
Rajput Sobhit Singh,
Joshi Nirmal,
Gupta Gaurav
Publication year - 2022
Publication title -
british journal of clinical pharmacology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.216
H-Index - 146
eISSN - 1365-2125
pISSN - 0306-5251
DOI - 10.1111/bcp.15328
Subject(s) - roflumilast , medicine , bleomycin , inflammation , fibrosis , immune system , lung , european union , immunology , pharmacology , copd , business , chemotherapy , economic policy
COVID‐19 has spread globally, affecting almost 160 million individuals. Elderly and pre‐existing patients (such as diabetes, heart disease and asthma) seem more susceptible to severe illness with COVID‐19. Roflumilast was licensed for usage in the European Union in July 2010 as a phosphodiesterase‐4 (PDE4) inhibitor. Under preclinical studies, roflumilast has been shown to decrease bleomycin‐induced lung fibrosis, lung hydroxyproline and right heart thickening. The current study reviewed existing data that the PDE‐4 inhibitor, a roflumilast, protects renal tissues and other major organ systems after COVID‐19 infection by decreasing immune cell infiltration. These immune‐balancing effects of roflumilast were related to a decrease in oxidative and inflammatory burden, caspase‐3 suppression and increased protein kinase A (PKA)/cyclic A.M.P. (cAMP) levels in renal and other organ tissue.