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Gadolinium deposition and the potential for toxicological sequelae – A literature review of issues surrounding gadolinium‐based contrast agents
Author(s) -
Layne Kerry A.,
Dargan Paul I.,
Archer John R. H.,
Wood David M.
Publication year - 2018
Publication title -
british journal of clinical pharmacology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.216
H-Index - 146
eISSN - 1365-2125
pISSN - 0306-5251
DOI - 10.1111/bcp.13718
Subject(s) - nephrogenic systemic fibrosis , gadolinium , medicine , food and drug administration , magnetic resonance imaging , animal studies , pathology , nuclear medicine , radiology , pharmacology , chemistry , organic chemistry
Every year, approximately 30 million magnetic resonance imaging scans are enhanced with gadolinium‐based contrast agents (GBCAs) worldwide. Although the development of nephrogenic systemic fibrosis in patients with renal impairment is well‐documented, over recent years it has become apparent that exposure to GBCAs can potentially result in gadolinium deposition within human bone and brain tissue even in the presence of normal renal function. This review will address some of the controversies surrounding the safety of GBCA administration based on evidence from in vivo experiments, animal studies and clinical studies. We additionally evaluate the potential risk of toxicity from exposure to gadolinium in light of new guidance published by the US Food and Drug Administration and the European Medicines Agency, and discuss whether gadolinium deposition disease exists as a new diagnosis.