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Evaluation of effect of impaired renal function on lamivudine pharmacokinetics
Author(s) -
Bouazza Naïm,
Tréluyer JeanMarc,
Ghosn Jade,
Hirt Déborah,
Benaboud Sihem,
Foissac Frantz,
Viard JeanPaul,
Urien Saik
Publication year - 2014
Publication title -
british journal of clinical pharmacology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.216
H-Index - 146
eISSN - 1365-2125
pISSN - 0306-5251
DOI - 10.1111/bcp.12407
Subject(s) - renal function , pharmacokinetics , medicine , urology , dosing , population , lamivudine , creatinine , elimination rate constant , volume of distribution , immunology , hepatitis b virus , virus , environmental health
Aims This study aimed to describe lamivudine pharmacokinetics in patients with impaired renal function and to evaluate the consistency of current dosing recommendations. Methods A total of 244 patients, ranging in age from 18 to 79 years (median 40 years) and in bodyweight from 38 to 117 kg (median 71 kg), with 344 lamivudine plasma concentrations, were analysed using a population pharmacokinetic analysis. Serum creatinine clearance ( CLCR ) was calculated using the C ockcroft– G ault formula; 177 patients had normal renal function ( CLCR > 90 ml min −1 ), 50 patients had mild renal impairment ( CLCR = 60–90 ml min −1 ), 20 patients had moderate renal impairment ( CLCR = 30–60 ml min −1 ), and five patients had severe renal impairment ( CLCR < 30 ml min −1 ). Results A two‐compartment model adequately described the data. Typical population estimates (percentage interindividual variability) of the apparent clearance ( CL / F ), central ( V c / F ) and peripheral volumes of distribution ( V p / F ), intercompartmental clearance ( Q / F ) and absorption rate constant ( K a ) were 29.7 l h −1 (32%), 68.2 l, 114 l, 10.1 l h −1 (85%) and 1 h −1 , respectively. Clearance increased significantly and gradually with CLCR . Our simulations showed that a dose of 300 mg day −1 in patients with mild renal impairment could overexpose them. A dose of 200 mg day −1 maintained an exposure close to that of adults with normal renal function. However, the current US Food and Drug Administration recommendations for lamivudine in other categories of patients (from severe to moderate renal impairment) provided optimal exposures. Conclusions Lamivudine elimination clearance is related to renal function. To provide optimal exposure, patients with mild renal impairment should receive 200 mg day −1 instead of 300 mg day −1 .