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Effect of supplemental β‐carotene compared to retinyl palmitate on fatty acid profile and expression of mRNA from genes involved in vitamin A metabolism in beef feedlot cattle
Author(s) -
Condron Kaitlin N.,
Waddell Jole.,
Claeys Matt C.,
Lemenager Ronald P.,
Schoonmaker Jon P.
Publication year - 2017
Publication title -
animal science journal
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.606
H-Index - 38
eISSN - 1740-0929
pISSN - 1344-3941
DOI - 10.1111/asj.12794
Subject(s) - retinyl palmitate , retinoic acid , conjugated linoleic acid , polyunsaturated fatty acid , linoleic acid , chemistry , feedlot , carotene , peroxisome proliferator activated receptor , endocrinology , retinol , medicine , messenger rna , receptor , fatty acid , vitamin , retinoid x receptor , gene expression , biochemistry , biology , food science , nuclear receptor , zoology , gene , transcription factor
To examine the effects of dietary β‐carotene (βC) or retinyl palmitate ( RP ) on fatty acid ( FA ) profile and mRNA expression, samples were collected from 24 Angus‐cross calves that were allotted to four treatments consisting of RP supplemented at 2200 IU /kg, and synthetic β‐carotene (SβC) supplemented at one, five or 10 times RP . Longissimus muscle ( LM ) cis ‐9, trans ‐11 conjugated linoleic acid was greater in RP compared to SβC1X ( P = 0.04). The polyunsaturated:saturated FA increased linearly ( P = 0.04) in the LM as dietary SβC increased. Expression of βC oxygenase 2 ( β CO 2 ), an enzyme that cleaves β ‐carotene , was greater in the LM for SβC1X compared to RP and decreased linearly as SβC increased (P ≤ 0.02). Peroxisome proliferator activated receptor γ ( PPAR γ ) expression in the LM increased in SβC1X compared to RP ( P = 0.03); however, PPAR γ and retinoic acid X receptor α ( RXR α) expression decreased linearly ( P = 0.02) in the LM with increasing SβC. Retinoic acid receptor α ( RAR α) expression tended ( P = 0.10) to decrease linearly in the LM with increased SβC. In conclusion, SβC supplementation increased mRNA expression of some lipogenic genes in the LM , but increasing dietary SβC inhibited their expression and tended to increase polyunsaturated FA.