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Satisfaction of farm animal behavioral needs in behaviorally restricted systems: Reducing stressors and environmental enrichment
Author(s) -
Ninomiya Shigeru
Publication year - 2014
Publication title -
animal science journal
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.606
H-Index - 38
eISSN - 1740-0929
pISSN - 1344-3941
DOI - 10.1111/asj.12213
Subject(s) - maladaptation , stressor , animal husbandry , animal welfare , environmental enrichment , psychology , perspective (graphical) , animal behavior , ecology , agriculture , clinical psychology , biology , computer science , neuroscience , psychiatry , zoology , artificial intelligence
In modern intensive husbandry, systems often restrict farm animal behavior. Behavioral needs will be generated by external stimuli such as stressors deriving from environmental factors or the method of animal care, or some internal factor in farm animals. This means that behavioral restriction would induce maladaptation to stressors or chronic stress. Such a risk of behavioral restriction degrades an animal's physical and mental health and leads to economic loss at a farm. Methods to reduce the risk of behavioral restrictions are to ameliorate the source of a stressor through adequate animal management or to carry out environmental enrichment. This review is intended to describe the relation between animal management and behavioral needs from the perspective of animal motivation.