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Three‐dimensional laparoscopic vision improves forceps motion more in the depth direction than in the horizontal direction: An analysis of data from prospective randomized controlled trials
Author(s) -
Yamazaki Yuta,
Kanaji Shingo,
Harada Hitoshi,
Nishi Masayasu,
Takiguchi Gosuke,
Urakawa Naoki,
Hasegawa Hiroshi,
Yamamoto Masashi,
Matsuda Yoshiko,
Yamashita Kimihiro,
Oshikiri Taro,
Matsuda Takeru,
Nakamura Tetsu,
Suzuki Satoshi,
Kakeji Yoshihiro
Publication year - 2020
Publication title -
asian journal of endoscopic surgery
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.372
H-Index - 18
eISSN - 1758-5910
pISSN - 1758-5902
DOI - 10.1111/ases.12745
Subject(s) - forceps , medicine , task (project management) , computer vision , depth perception , motion (physics) , perception , artificial intelligence , imaging phantom , physical medicine and rehabilitation , surgery , computer science , psychology , nuclear medicine , management , neuroscience , economics
Three‐dimensional (3D) laparoscopic vision can improve depth perception. However, it is a question whether 3D vision can improve motion in the depth direction. The aim of this study was to compare the impact of 3D vision on forceps motion in the depth and horizontal directions. Methods All data were obtained from our previous two studies, where, in total, 40 novices and 20 moderately experienced surgeons participated. A simple phantom task was performed in a training box. The participants were randomly assigned to two groups. Specifically, one group performed the task five times initially under a two‐dimensional (2D) system, and the other group started under a 3D system. Both groups then performed the same task five times under the alternative system. Performances were recorded by an optical position tracker. We separately evaluated forceps motion in the x‐, y‐, and z‐axis directions. Results Compared with the findings for 2D vision, the forceps path lengths were significantly decreased among novices and moderately experienced surgeons in almost all tasks under 3D vision. In a comparison of the path length ratio (3D/2D) in each direction, larger reduction was observed for the depth direction among novices, whereas no significant directional difference was noted among moderately experienced surgeons. Conclusions For novices, 3D laparoscopic vision improves depth perception and may give shorter forceps movement in the depth direction even for simple tasks.