History and current status of bariatric and metabolic surgeries in E ast A sia

Morbid obesity and obesity‐related comorbidities are major public health problems around the world, including in E ast A sia. Although A sian populations have been shown to have an elevated risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia at a relatively lower BMI than Western populations, the A sian perspective on bariatric and metabolic surgeries has not been actively discussed until recently. Bariatric surgery in E ast A sia has undergone a paradigm shift since the first laparoscopic vertical bariatric surgery was performed in T aiwan in 1998, which was subsequently followed by the introduction of laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding, R oux‐en‐ Y gastric bypass, and mini‐gastric bypass. Since 2006, use of laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy has remarkably increased because of its ease, speed, and safety. With regard to metabolic surgery, a randomized controlled trial in T aiwan demonstrated that laparoscopic R oux‐en‐ Y gastric bypass is more effective than laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy for surgical treatment of poorly controlled type 2 diabetes mellitus and metabolic syndrome. In this article, we describe the history of bariatric procedures, revision surgeries, weight‐loss effect, and metabolic surgeries in A sian populations, and we also discuss minimally invasive bariatric surgery with some important citations.