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Investigations on the influence of Moringa oleifera on the growth, haematology, immunity and disease resistance in Oreochromis niloticus with special reference to the analysis of antioxidant activities by PAGE electrophoresis
Author(s) -
Elgendy Mamdouh Y.,
Awad Elham S.,
Darwish Doaa A.,
Ibrahim Taghreed B.,
Soliman Waleed S. E.,
Kenawy Amany M.,
Abumourad Iman M. K.,
Abbas Hossam H.,
Abbas Wafaa T.
Publication year - 2021
Publication title -
aquaculture research
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.646
H-Index - 89
eISSN - 1365-2109
pISSN - 1355-557X
DOI - 10.1111/are.15370
Subject(s) - moringa , biology , aeromonas hydrophila , oreochromis , antioxidant , lysozyme , uric acid , superoxide dismutase , zoology , food science , catalase , immunity , immune system , biochemistry , immunology , bacteria , genetics , fishery , fish <actinopterygii>
The study aimed to evaluate the effect of dietary inclusions of Moringa oleifera on the growth, haematology, antioxidant activities, immunity, and protection against Aeromonas hydrophila in Oreochromis niloticus . Diets supplemented with 0.5% or 1% of either crude moringa (CM) powder or alcoholic moringa extracts (AME) were used. Weight gain (WG), specific growth rate (SGR), and haematological parameters (RBCs count, Hb content and HCT %) were significantly improved ( p < 0.05) with feeding CM than control fish, meanwhile they decreased significantly ( p < 0.05) in AME treatments. The feeding of CM significantly improved WBCs and lymphocyte counts ( p < 0.05). Cholesterol and triglycerides showed no significant changes ( p > 0.05) in CM treatments, but they significantly increased in fish fed 0.5% AME. Liver and kidney functions (ALT, AST, uric acid and creatinine) were not relatively affected by moringa treatments. The non‐specific immune responses of fish fed CM showed significant ( p < 0.05) improvement, including serum proteins, lysozyme activity, and antiprotease activity. Peroxidase activity (POX) and Cytochrome P450 (CYP) were increased significantly ( p ˂ 0.05) with CM and in 0.5% AME treatment. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) and Catalase (CAT) showed insignificant changes ( p > 0.05). Antioxidant activities were also analysed by staining on polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Challenge experiment indicated higher survivability of fish fed moringa‐supplemented diets. The survivability was found the highest (80%) in the group fed with 0.5% CM. These results indicate that dietary supplementation with crude M . oleifera enhances the growth, antioxidant activities, immune competence and potentiates resistance against A . hydrophila in O . niloticus , with the greatest effects of 0.5% crude M . oleifera .