Premium
Lipopolysaccharide induced unfolded protein response and related anti‐lipopolysaccharide factor expression in Pacific white shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei
Author(s) -
Qu Yuexin,
Wang Zhenlu,
Ning Lijun,
Li Junyi,
Zou Jixing,
Fan Lanfen
Publication year - 2021
Publication title -
aquaculture research
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.646
H-Index - 89
eISSN - 1365-2109
pISSN - 1355-557X
DOI - 10.1111/are.15206
Subject(s) - hepatopancreas , litopenaeus , biology , lipopolysaccharide , hemolymph , shrimp , endoplasmic reticulum , alkaline phosphatase , microbiology and biotechnology , enzyme , biochemistry , medicine , endocrinology , fishery
Lipopolysaccharide (LPS), known as endotoxin, is the cell wall component of Gram‐negative bacteria. In this study, the haemolymph enzyme activities, the morphology of hepatopancreas, the immunological responses of hepatopancreas and haemocytes in Litopenaeus vannamei ( L. vannamei ) were studied to investigate the physiological responses after LPS injection. Histological results indicated that necrotic hepatic tubules occurred after injection of LPS for 12 hours (h), and then, the increasing number of the necrotic hepatic tubules and inflammatory cell infiltration was observed. Furthermore, the activities of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) decreased before 12 h and then increased to the peak at 48 h. However, ALP activity increased significantly. Anti‐lipopolysaccharide factors (ALFs) of crustacean play an important role against bacterial infection. Specifically, it was worth mentioning that the expression of ALFC in the hepatopancreas and haemocytes increased significantly at 6 h and the expression of ALFB increased significantly at 24 h in haemocytes. Moreover, the expression of unfolded protein response (UPR) related genes decreased at 3 h and then increased in the hepatopancreas and haemocytes and the expression of glucose‐regulated protein 78 kDa ( GRP78 ), inositol‐requiring enzyme‐1 ( IRE1 ) and protein kinase RNA‐like endoplasmic reticulum kinase ( PERK ) in haemocytes increased significantly at 48 h. These results revealed that LPS injection damaged hepatopancreas structure of L. vannamei , increased haemolymph enzyme activities and activated the UPR pathway and ALF ‐related genes.