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A temperature shift during embryogenesis impacts prevalence of deformity in diploid and triploid Atlantic salmon ( Salmo salar L.)
Author(s) -
Clarkson Michael,
Taylor John Frank,
McStay Elsbeth,
Palmer Matthew John,
Clokie Benjamin Gregory James,
Migaud Hervé
Publication year - 2021
Publication title -
aquaculture research
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.646
H-Index - 89
eISSN - 1365-2109
pISSN - 1355-557X
DOI - 10.1111/are.14945
Subject(s) - salmo , biology , human fertilization , incubation , embryogenesis , embryo , ploidy , andrology , zoology , anatomy , fish <actinopterygii> , fishery , genetics , biochemistry , gene , medicine
Abstract The study investigated the effects of a temperature shift during embryogenesis on diploid and triploid Atlantic salmon ( Salmo salar L.) embryo development and juvenile skeletal deformities. From fertilization, sibling populations were incubated under one of three temperatures (6, 8 or 11°C) until 400 °days when all fish were then reared under a common temperature until smolt. Survival was negatively impacted by increasing temperatures irrespective of ploidy. There was no effect of incubation temperatures on growth in diploids, but triploids incubated at 6°C had improved growth rates (thermal growth coefficient, TGC: 6°C: 1.05, 8°C: 0.94, 11°C: 0.48). Fish from 11°C in both ploidies showed increased jaw and vertebral deformity prevalence. In response to the temperature change at 400 °days post fertilization, upregulation of bmp2 , bmp4 , col2a1 , mmp13 , opn and sparc , and downregulation of ocn further suggest that bone and cartilage formation is compromised after experiencing a thermal shift. The data show that temperature profile during embryogenesis strongly influences future growth and deformity prevalence. Triploids appear to require a lower incubation temperature than the current industry standard of 8°C to promote better overall performance; however, a thermal shift during embryogenesis was shown to impact expression of important developmental genes.