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Improvement of nutritional quality of live feed for aquaculture: An overview
Author(s) -
Kandathil Radhakrishnan Divya,
AkbarAli Isamma,
Schmidt Bjorn V.,
John Elizabeth Mary,
Sivanpillai Sureshkumar,
Thazhakot Vasunambesan Sankar
Publication year - 2020
Publication title -
aquaculture research
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.646
H-Index - 89
eISSN - 1365-2109
pISSN - 1355-557X
DOI - 10.1111/are.14357
Subject(s) - biology , aquaculture , live food , docosahexaenoic acid , commercial fish feed , eicosapentaenoic acid , fish oil , nutrient , fishery , food science , essential nutrient , zooplankton , recirculating aquaculture system , daphnia , essential fatty acid , microbiology and biotechnology , fish <actinopterygii> , fatty acid , ecology , polyunsaturated fatty acid , biochemistry
In hatcheries, the adequate supply of live feed has a vital role in feeding fish larvae, fry and fingerlings. Furthermore, the enhancement of the nutritional quality of live feeds is well‐developed techniques in aquaculture. Essential fatty acids (EFA) such as docosahexaenoic acid (DHA; C22:6 n−3), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA; 20:5(n−3) and arachidonic acid (ARA; 20:4(n−6) and amino acids are an essential source of proteins for larval rearing of fish. However, the common practised live feeds used for the primary feeding such as rotifers and Artemia are naturally deficient in essential nutrient components. Hence, the improvement of the nutritional quality of live feeds with different oil emulsions and commercial diets, and manipulation of the feed are necessary for fish production. The production protocols of copepods, Moina and fairy shrimps as live feed are still underdeveloped in hatcheries. The different lipid sources using for the enrichment of Artemia and rotifers are not effective on other live feeds, especially copepods and cladocerans ( Moina , Daphnia ) and fairy shrimps. This review focuses on the importance of live feeds by the techniques of feed enhancement or enrichment of zooplankton by direct incorporation of nutrients for feeding of early stages of fish.