Premium
Loss of genetic variability in the captive stocks of tambaqui, Colossoma macropomum (Cuvier, 1818), at breeding centres in Brazil, and their divergence from wild populations
Author(s) -
Aguiar Jonas da Paz,
Gomes Paola Fabiana Fazzi,
Hamoy Igor Guerreiro,
Santos Sidney Emanuel Batista dos,
Schneider Horacio,
Sampaio Iracilda
Publication year - 2018
Publication title -
aquaculture research
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.646
H-Index - 89
eISSN - 1365-2109
pISSN - 1355-557X
DOI - 10.1111/are.13647
Subject(s) - tambaqui , biology , genetic diversity , broodstock , amazon rainforest , population , genetic variability , zoology , ecology , captive breeding , effective population size , genetic monitoring , genetic divergence , mtdna control region , fishery , microsatellite , aquaculture , fish <actinopterygii> , demography , genetics , endangered species , genotype , habitat , sociology , gene , allele , haplotype
The loss of variability in farmed populations and the risks of interactions with wild populations support the need for the genetic monitoring of species farmed throughout the world. In Brazil, the tambaqui is the most widely farmed native fish species. Despite this, there are no data on the pedigree of the farmed stocks, and the potential for interactions with wild populations in the Amazon basin has raised concerns with regard to the genetic variability of these stocks. The present study analysed sequences of the mitochondrial Control Region and 12 microsatellites to characterize the genetic variability of seven historically important commercial tambaqui breeding centres located in four different regions of Brazil, and compared these sequences with those obtained from individuals collected from a wild population. High levels of genetic diversity were found in the wild population, whereas genetic diversity was reduced in both markers in most captive populations, except for the broodstock located near the Amazon River. High F ST and D EST indices were recorded between the wild population and most of the captive stocks analysed. The drastic reduction in genetic diversity found in most captive stocks and the difference between these stocks and the wild population may have been the result of the small size of the founding populations and the absence of breeding management. The renewal of the broodstocks and the application of breeding management techniques are recommended. In the Amazon region, in addition, the use of broodstocks that are genetically very different from local wild populations should be avoided.