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Partial and total replacement of fish meal by marine microalga Spirulina platensis in the diet of Pacific white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei : Growth, digestive enzyme activities, fatty acid composition and responses to ammonia and hypoxia stress
Author(s) -
Pakravan Somayeh,
Akbarzadeh Arash,
Sajjadi Mir Masoud,
Hajimoradloo Abdolmajid,
Noori Farzaneh
Publication year - 2017
Publication title -
aquaculture research
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.646
H-Index - 89
eISSN - 1365-2109
pISSN - 1355-557X
DOI - 10.1111/are.13379
Subject(s) - litopenaeus , biology , shrimp , food science , spirulina (dietary supplement) , eicosapentaenoic acid , polyunsaturated fatty acid , digestive enzyme , docosahexaenoic acid , fish meal , fatty acid , arachidonic acid , meal , zoology , amylase , biochemistry , enzyme , fishery , ecology , raw material , fish <actinopterygii>
In the this study, we evaluated the effect of replacement of fish meal by a marine microalgae Spirulina platensis on growth, digestive enzyme activities, fatty acid composition and responses to ammonia and hypoxia stress in Pacific white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei (2.6 ± 0.2 g). Experimental diets contained S. platensis at 0%, 25%, 50%, 75% and 100% replacement levels. After 8 weeks of feeding trial, growth parameters and proximate body composition were not significantly different among treatments ( p > .05). Amylase and lipase activities did not show any significant differences between control group and other experimental diets ( p > .05), while activities of trypsin and chymotrypsin were significantly higher in shrimp fed diet with 50% substitution of microalgae compared to control group. Fatty acid contents, particularly polyunsaturated fatty acids ( PUFA s) including arachidonic acid ( ARA ), docosahexaenoic acid ( DHA ) and eicosapentaenoic acid ( EPA ), were significantly higher in control diet compared to other experimental diets. On the contrary, the majority of fatty acids including the contents of PUFA s in the whole body of L. vannamei fed with different levels of S. platensis were significantly higher compared to those of control group. After 48‐h exposure to ammonia, survival per cent was not statistically different between all groups ( p > .05), but in hypoxia challenge, the survival per cent of control group was significantly less than that of treatments fed diets contained S. platensis ( p < .05). Altogether, o ur results demonstrated the effectiveness of S. platensis as a reliable protein source for substitution of fish meal in shrimp aquaculture.