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Effects of dietary essential amino acid deficiencies on the growth performance and humoral immune response in silvery‐black porgy ( Sparidentex hasta ) juveniles
Author(s) -
Yaghoubi Morteza,
Torfi Mozanzadeh Mansour,
Marammazi Jasem G.,
Safari Omid,
Gisbert Enric
Publication year - 2017
Publication title -
aquaculture research
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.646
H-Index - 89
eISSN - 1365-2109
pISSN - 1355-557X
DOI - 10.1111/are.13344
Subject(s) - biology , methionine , amino acid , essential amino acid , lysozyme , arginine , fish meal , threonine , food science , lysine , meal , proline , zoology , limiting , biochemistry , medicine , fish <actinopterygii> , enzyme , serine , fishery , mechanical engineering , engineering
A 6‐week feeding trial was conducted for determining the effects of dietary essential amino acids ( EAA ) deficiencies on growth performance and non‐specific immune responses in silvery‐black porgy juveniles (4.7 ± 0.1 g initial weight). Eleven isoproteic ( ca . 47%) diets were formulated including a control diet containing the optimum quantity of EAA , and ten EAA ‐deficient diets. All diets contained 36% fish meal and 18.5% crystalline EAA and non‐essential amino acids ( NEAA ) as the main source of dietary proteins. All the EAA and NEAA incorporated in the crystalline amino acids mixture of the control diet simulated the amino acids profile of the fish meal. The other 10 EAA ‐deficient diets were formulated by the deletion of each of the 10 EAA (crystalline form) from the control diet and replaced by a mixture of NEAA for the adjustment of dietary nitrogen contents. At the end of the experiment, fish fed with threonine‐deficient diet showed the lowest survival rate ( p < .05), whereas growth performance decreased in fish fed all EAA ‐deficient diets, although the reduction in body growth varied depending on the EAA considered. Plasma total protein decreased in all experimental groups except for fish fed the phenylalanine‐deficient diet. Fish fed with arginine‐ and lysine‐deficient diets had the lowest plasma C3, C4, lysozyme, total immunoglobulin and total superoxide dismutase activity ( p < .05). Present results indicated that lysine, methionine and threonine were the most limiting EAA in terms of growth performance; however, arginine, threonine and lysine were the most limiting EAA for innate immunity responses in silvery‐black porgy juveniles.