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The role of Toll‐like Receptors in innate immunity and infectious diseases of teleost
Author(s) -
Tanekhy Mahmoud
Publication year - 2016
Publication title -
aquaculture research
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.646
H-Index - 89
eISSN - 1365-2109
pISSN - 1355-557X
DOI - 10.1111/are.12607
Subject(s) - biology , innate immune system , pattern recognition receptor , receptor , acquired immune system , immunology , immunity , immune system , toll like receptor , microbiology and biotechnology , signal transduction , trif , pathogen associated molecular pattern , genetics
The immune defence mechanism depends mainly on germ‐line encoded pattern‐recognition receptors ( PRR s). These PRR s respond to many exogenous pathogens and/or endogenous serious signals, by recognizing some highly conserved structures such as pathogen‐associated molecular patterns ( PAMP s) and danger/damage associated molecular patterns ( DAMP s). Till date, the most studied PRR s are Toll‐like receptors ( TLR s). Upon activation of TLR s, there is production of inflammatory cytokines and type I interferons ( IFN s) via myeloid differentiation primary response gene 88 (MyD88)‐dependent or ‐independent signalling, respectively, modulating innate and adaptive immunity, as well as inflammatory responses. In fish species studied to date, there are more than 17 TLR s that are identified with some showing homology to mammals, and some are unique for teleost. In the present review, more light are to be shed on the classification, structure and specific ligands of TLR s, with focuses on their signal pathways and different biological activities. Studies of TLR s and their role in the innate immune will potentially have implications for the prevention and treatment of fish diseases.