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Effects of feeding rate and frequency on growth performance, digestion and nutrients balances of A tlantic salmon ( S almo salar ) in recirculating aquaculture systems ( RAS )
Author(s) -
Sun Guoxiang,
Liu Ying,
Qiu Denggao,
Yi Mengmeng,
Li Xian,
Li Yong
Publication year - 2016
Publication title -
aquaculture research
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.646
H-Index - 89
eISSN - 1365-2109
pISSN - 1355-557X
DOI - 10.1111/are.12480
Subject(s) - salmo , biology , recirculating aquaculture system , zoology , nutrient , feed conversion ratio , aquaculture , juvenile , dry matter , digestion (alchemy) , meal , fish meal , fishery , phosphorus , growth rate , body weight , fish <actinopterygii> , food science , ecology , chemistry , endocrinology , chromatography , geometry , mathematics , organic chemistry
Abstract A 10‐week study was conducted to investigate the effects of feeding rate and frequency on growth performance, digestion and nutrients balances of Atlantic salmon ( Salmo salar ) in replicated recirculating aquaculture systems ( RAS ). Replicated groups of juvenile salmon weighing 90 ± 2.5 g (mean ± SD) were fed a commercial feed (21.63 MJ kg −1 gross energy) to designed feeding rate (1.4%, 1.6% and 1.8% body weight day −1 , BW day −1 ) and feeding frequency (2 and 4 meals day −1 ) combinations. Specific growth ratio varied between 1.15 ± 0.02 and 1.37 ± 0.16% day −1 , and feed conversion ratio ranged from 0.96 ± 0.03 to 1.16 ± 0.02. The nitrogen and phosphorus retention rates were from 36.50 ± 1.94 to 47.08 ± 5.23% and from 20.42 ± 1.05 to 38.59 ± 2.80%. Apparent digestibility coefficients ( ADC ) in dry matter, protein, lipid and energy showed no significant differences for all groups. However, fish fed at 1.6% BW day −1 and 4 meal day −1 groups had relatively better growth and nutrient retention efficiency compared to other groups. In addition, concentrations of nitrogenous and phosphorous compounds were also detected in this study. These results suggested that salmon of 100–200 g in RAS could in practice be fed at 1.6% BW day −1 and 4 meals day −1 , taking environmental impacts into account.