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Acute toxicity of ammonia in Pacu fish ( Piaractus mesopotamicus , Holmberg, 1887) at different temperatures levels
Author(s) -
Barbieri Edison,
Bondioli Ana Cristina Vigliar
Publication year - 2015
Publication title -
aquaculture research
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.646
H-Index - 89
eISSN - 1365-2109
pISSN - 1355-557X
DOI - 10.1111/are.12203
Subject(s) - piaractus mesopotamicus , ammonia , pacu , zoology , biology , nitrogen , aquaculture , fish <actinopterygii> , fishery , biochemistry , chemistry , organic chemistry
Piaractus mesopotamicus juveniles (total length 12 ± 0.5 mm) were exposed to different concentrations of ammonia‐N (un‐ionized plus ionized ammonia as nitrogen), using the static renewal method at different temperature levels (15, 20 and 25°C) at pH 7. The 24, 48, 72, 96 h LC 50 values of ammonia‐N in P. mesopotamicus juveniles were 5.32, 4.19, 3.79 and 2.85 mg L −1 at 15°C; 4.81, 3.97, 3.25 and 2.50 mg L −1 at 20°C; and 4.16, 3.79, 2.58 and 1.97 mg L −1 at 25°C respectively. The 24, 48, 72, 96 h LC 50 values of NH 3 ‐N (un‐ionized ammonia as nitrogen) were 0.018, 0.014, 0.013, 0.009 mg L −1 at 15°C temperature; 0.023, 0.019, 0.016 and 0.012 mg L −1 at 20°C; 0.029, 0.026, 0.018 and 0.014 mg L −1 at 25°C. The temperature increase from 15 to 25°C caused an increase of ammonia‐N susceptibility by 21.80%, 9.55%, 31.92% and 30.87%, after 24, 48, 72 and 96 h exposure respectively. Furthermore, we found that exposure of fish to ammonia‐N caused an elevation in total haemoglobin and blood glucose with an increase of 2 mg L −1 concentration. Ammonia levels tolerated, especially in different temperatures levels, have important implications for the management of aquaculture.