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Pigment deposition and in vitro screening of natural pigment sources for enhancing pigmentation in male S iamese fighting fish ( B etta splendens R egan, 1910)
Author(s) -
Thongprajukaew Karun,
Kovitvadhi Satit,
Kovitvadhi Uthaiwan,
RungruangsakTorrissen Krisna
Publication year - 2014
Publication title -
aquaculture research
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.646
H-Index - 89
eISSN - 1365-2109
pISSN - 1355-557X
DOI - 10.1111/are.12009
Subject(s) - pigment , biology , dorsal fin , fish fin , fish <actinopterygii> , chymotrypsin , trypsin , anatomy , fishery , biochemistry , chemistry , enzyme , organic chemistry
Distribution in pigment deposition was studied in male Siamese fighting fish ( B etta splendens R egan, 1910) of solid Blue and solid Red phenotypes. Growths were similar, and also indicated by similar activity ratio of trypsin to chymotrypsin. Growth strategy was different at maturing stage, whereas trypsin expression decreased in solid Blue while chymotrypsin expression decreased in solid Red ( P ≤ 0.05). Ranking of total pigment contents was muscle > skin > caudal fin > anal fin > dorsal fin > pelvic fin > pectoral fin. Immature fish had similar total contents and concentrations of pigments, except solid Blue had higher total contents in dorsal fin than solid Red. At maturing stage, solid Blue showed higher total pigment contents than solid Red due to higher contents in the fins. Solid blue had higher concentration in pelvic fin, while solid Red had higher in pectoral and dorsal fins. Age, phenotype and their interaction influenced pigment deposition. Determinations of pigment levels, high temperature tolerant of pigments and in vitro digestibilities of pigments, protein and carbohydrate from twenty natural sources indicated that fermented red rice was the most suitable pigment source, following with C hlorococcum sp.