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Impact of beta‐blockers on cardiopulmonary exercise testing in patients with advanced liver disease
Author(s) -
Wallen M. P.,
Hall A.,
Dias K. A.,
Ramos J. S.,
Keating S. E.,
Woodward A. J.,
Skinner T. L.,
Macdonald G. A.,
Arena R.,
Coombes J. S.
Publication year - 2017
Publication title -
alimentary pharmacology and therapeutics
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 3.308
H-Index - 177
eISSN - 1365-2036
pISSN - 0269-2813
DOI - 10.1111/apt.14265
Subject(s) - medicine , beta (programming language) , disease , computer science , programming language
Summary Background Patients with advanced liver disease may develop portal hypertension that can result in variceal haemorrhage. Beta‐blockers reduce portal pressure and minimise haemorrhage risk. These medications may attenuate measures of cardiopulmonary performance, such as the ventilatory threshold and peak oxygen uptake measured via cardiopulmonary exercise testing. Aim To determine the effect of beta‐blockers on cardiopulmonary exercise testing variables in patients with advanced liver disease. Methods This was a cross‐sectional analysis of 72 participants who completed a cardiopulmonary exercise test before liver transplantation. All participants remained on their usual beta‐blocker dose and timing prior to the test. Variables measured during cardiopulmonary exercise testing included the ventilatory threshold, peak oxygen uptake, heart rate, oxygen pulse, the oxygen uptake efficiency slope and the ventilatory equivalents for carbon dioxide slope. Results Participants taking beta‐blockers (n = 28) had a lower ventilatory threshold ( P <.01) and peak oxygen uptake ( P = .02), compared to participants not taking beta‐blockers. After adjusting for age, the model of end‐stage liver‐disease score, liver‐disease aetiology, presence of refractory ascites and ventilatory threshold remained significantly lower in the beta‐blocker group ( P = .04). The oxygen uptake efficiency slope was not impacted by beta‐blocker use. Conclusions Ventilatory threshold is reduced in patients with advanced liver disease taking beta‐blockers compared to those not taking the medication. This may incorrectly risk stratify patients on beta‐blockers and has implications for patient management before and after liver transplantation. The oxygen uptake efficiency slope was not influenced by beta‐blockers and may therefore be a better measure of cardiopulmonary performance in this patient population.