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The impact of delayed biliary decompression and anti‐microbial therapy in 260 patients with cholangitis‐associated septic shock
Author(s) -
Karvellas C. J.,
Abraldes J. G.,
ZepedaGomez S.,
Moffat D. C.,
Mirzanejad Y.,
VazquezGrande G.,
Esfahani E. K.,
Kumar A.
Publication year - 2016
Publication title -
alimentary pharmacology and therapeutics
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 3.308
H-Index - 177
eISSN - 1365-2036
pISSN - 0269-2813
DOI - 10.1111/apt.13764
Subject(s) - medicine , septic shock , decompression , shock (circulatory) , gastroenterology , retrospective cohort study , odds ratio , mortality rate , surgery , sepsis
Summary Background Cholangitis‐associated septic shock carries significant mortality. There is uncertainty regarding the most appropriate time to achieve biliary decompression. Aim To determine whether the timing of biliary decompression and anti‐microbial therapy affect the survival in cholangitis patients with septic shock. Methods Nested retrospective cohort study of all cholangitis‐associated septic shock patients (hypotension requiring vasopressors) from an international, multi‐centre database between 1996 and 2011. Results Among 260 patients (mean age 69 years, 57% male), overall mortality was 37%. Compared to nonsurvivors ( n = 96), survivors ( n = 164) had lower mean admission Acute Physiology And Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE) II (22 vs. 28, P < 0.001) and lower median serum lactate on admission (3.4 vs. 4.6 mmol/L, P < 0.001). Survivors were more likely to receive appropriate anti‐microbial therapy earlier (median 2.6 vs. 6.8 h from shock, P < 0.001). Survivors were also more likely to undergo successful biliary decompression earlier (median 8.8 vs. 22 h, P < 0.001). After adjusting for co‐variates, APACHE II (odds ratio, OR 1.21 per increment (1.11–1.32), time delay to appropriate anti‐microbial therapy [OR 1.15 per hour (1.07–1.25)] and delayed biliary decompression >12 h [OR 3.40 (1.12–10.31)] were all significantly associated with increased mortality ( P < 0.04 for all; c ‐statistic 0.896). Conclusions Patients with septic shock secondary to acute cholangitis have significant mortality. Endoscopic biliary decompression >12 h after the onset of shock and delayed receipt of appropriate anti‐microbial therapy were both significantly associated with adverse hospital outcome. This might suggest that early initiation of anti‐microbial therapy and urgent biliary decompression (within 12 h) could potentially improve outcomes in this high‐risk patient population.