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Systematic review with meta‐analysis: coffee consumption and the risk of cirrhosis
Author(s) -
Kennedy O. J.,
Roderick P.,
Buchanan R.,
Fallowfield J. A.,
Hayes P. C.,
Parkes J.
Publication year - 2016
Publication title -
alimentary pharmacology and therapeutics
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 3.308
H-Index - 177
eISSN - 1365-2036
pISSN - 0269-2813
DOI - 10.1111/apt.13523
Subject(s) - medicine , cirrhosis , relative risk , meta analysis , cohort study , odds ratio , hazard ratio , confidence interval , alcoholic liver disease , observational study , gastroenterology , surgery
Summary Background Liver cirrhosis is a large burden on global health, causing over one million deaths per year. Observational studies have reported an inverse association between coffee and cirrhosis. Aims To perform a systematic review and meta‐analysis to characterise the relationship between coffee consumption and cirrhosis. Methods We searched for studies published until July 2015 that reported odds ratios, relative risks ( RR ) or hazard ratios for cirrhosis stratified by coffee consumption. We calculated RR s of cirrhosis for an increase in daily coffee consumption of two cups for each study and overall. We performed analyses by study design, type of cirrhosis and mortality. We assessed the risk of bias in each study and the overall quality of evidence for the effect of coffee on cirrhosis. Results We identified five cohort studies and four case–control studies involving 1990 cases and 432 133 participants. We observed a dose–response in most studies and overall. The pooled RR of cirrhosis for a daily increase in coffee consumption of two cups was 0.56 (95% CI 0.44–0.68; I 2 83.3%). The RR pooled from cohort studies for a daily increase of two cups was 0.58 (95% CI 0.41–0.76; I 2 91.1%) and from case–control studies it was 0.52 (95% CI 0.40–0.63; I 2 0.0%). The pooled RR of alcoholic cirrhosis for a daily increase of two cups was 0.62 (95% CI 0.51–0.73; I 2 0%) and of death from cirrhosis it was 0.55 (95% CI 0.35–0.74; I 2 90.3%). Conclusion This meta‐analysis suggests that increasing coffee consumption may substantially reduce the risk of cirrhosis.