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Meta‐analysis: oral bisphosphonates and the risk of oesophageal cancer
Author(s) -
Andrici J.,
Tio M.,
Eslick G. D.
Publication year - 2012
Publication title -
alimentary pharmacology and therapeutics
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 3.308
H-Index - 177
eISSN - 1365-2036
pISSN - 0269-2813
DOI - 10.1111/apt.12041
Subject(s) - medicine , cancer , medline , risk assessment , oncology , computer security , political science , computer science , law
Summary Background Bisphoshonates, which are used in the treatment and prevention of osteoporosis, have recently been implicated in the development of oesophageal cancer; however, studies report conflicting data. Aim To conduct a meta‐analysis of studies reporting on the association between bisphosphonates and oesophageal cancer to quantify the relationship. Methods A search was conducted through M edline, P ub M ed, E mbase and C urrent C ontents C onnect to 2 August 2012. We calculated pooled odds ratios and 95% CI s using a random effects model for the risk of oesophageal cancer associated with exposure to bisphosphonates, as well as for the different periods of exposure. Results Seven studies, with 19 700 oesophageal cancer cases, met our inclusion criteria. We found a positive relationship between exposure to bisphosphonates and oesophageal cancer, with an odds ratio ( OR ) of 1.74 with a 95% CI of 1.19–2.55. Heterogeneity was observed ( I 2 = 85%, P < 0.001). Publication bias was not present. An increased risk of oesophageal cancer was also found in the group exposed to bisphosphonates for a longer period of time, compared with the group who experienced a shorter period of exposure ( OR 2.32; 95% CI 1.57–3.43 vs. OR 1.35; 95% CI 0.77–2.39). An increased risk was associated with exposure to Etidronate ( OR 1.58; 95% CI 1.12–2.24), but not to Aledronate. Conclusions Exposure to bisphosphonates may be associated with an increased risk of oesophageal cancer. More studies are needed to confirm the relationship.