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Parental smoking and depression, and attention‐deficit hyperactivity disorder in children and adolescents: Korean national health and nutrition examination survey 2005‐2014
Author(s) -
Cho Youn Joo,
Choi Ran,
Park Susan,
Kwon Jinwon
Publication year - 2018
Publication title -
asia‐pacific psychiatry
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.654
H-Index - 21
eISSN - 1758-5872
pISSN - 1758-5864
DOI - 10.1111/appy.12327
Subject(s) - attention deficit hyperactivity disorder , depression (economics) , national health and nutrition examination survey , medicine , population , logistic regression , obesity , public health , family income , psychiatry , demographics , pediatrics , demography , environmental health , macroeconomics , economic growth , nursing , sociology , economics
We aimed to investigate the risk factors associated with attention‐deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children and adolescents using a nationally representative sample of the Korean population. Methods Data from children and adolescents aged less than 18 years ( n = 23 561) were obtained from the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2005 to 2014. ADHD was assessed using a self‐reported diagnosis of ADHD. We estimated the annual prevalence and number of Korean children and adolescents with physician‐diagnosed ADHD from 2005 to 2014. We considered various risk factors including demographics, obesity, and family environment (household income, parental age, depression in adults in the household, and exposure to environmental smoke at home). The relationship between ADHD and the considered risk factors was evaluated using multiple logistic regression. Results The annual prevalence of physician‐diagnosed ADHD showed a 4‐fold increase (0.35% in 2005 and 1.36% 2014) over the study period. Among ADHD patients, boys and girls constituted 78% and 22%, respectively. Total smoking amounts and depression in adults in the household were significantly associated with children's ADHD. When the analysis was limited to parental effects, only the father's smoking amount and depression were associated with the children's ADHD. Discussion This study identified adults' smoking and depression as family environmental factors associated with children's ADHD. From a public health care perspective, this result illuminates the need for awareness programs emphasizing a parent's conditions that may influence the development of ADHD in children.