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Gestational diabesity and foetoplacental vascular dysfunction
Author(s) -
Cornejo Marcelo,
Fuentes Gonzalo,
Valero Paola,
Vega Sofía,
Grismaldo Adriana,
Toledo Fernando,
Pardo Fabián,
MooreCarrasco Rodrigo,
Subiabre Mario,
Casanello Paola,
Faas Marijke M,
Goor Harry,
Sobrevia Luis
Publication year - 2021
Publication title -
acta physiologica
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.591
H-Index - 116
eISSN - 1748-1716
pISSN - 1748-1708
DOI - 10.1111/apha.13671
Subject(s) - gestational diabetes , hyperinsulinemia , insulin resistance , endocrinology , medicine , overweight , obesity , pregnancy , endothelial dysfunction , diabetes mellitus , obstetrics , gestation , biology , genetics
Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) shows a deficiency in the metabolism of D‐glucose and other nutrients, thereby negatively affecting the foetoplacental vascular endothelium. Maternal hyperglycaemia and hyperinsulinemia play an important role in the aetiology of GDM. A combination of these and other factors predisposes women to developing GDM with pre‐pregnancy normal weight, viz . classic GDM. However, women with GDM and prepregnancy obesity (gestational diabesity, GDty) or overweight (GDM ow ) show a different metabolic status than women with classic GDM. GDty and GDM ow are associated with altered l ‐arginine/nitric oxide and insulin/adenosine axis signalling in the human foetoplacental microvascular and macrovascular endothelium. These alterations differ from those observed in classic GDM. Here, we have reviewed the consequences of GDty and GDM ow in the modulation of foetoplacental endothelial cell function, highlighting studies describing the modulation of intracellular pH homeostasis and the potential implications of NO generation and adenosine signalling in GDty‐associated foetal vascular insulin resistance. Moreover, with an increase in the rate of obesity in women of childbearing age worldwide, the prevalence of GDty is expected to increase in the next decades. Therefore, we emphasize that women with GDty and GDM ow should be characterized with a different metabolic state from that of women with classic GDM to develop a more specific therapeutic approach for protecting the mother and foetus.