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The muscle contraction mode determines lymphangiogenesis differentially in rat skeletal and cardiac muscles by modifying local lymphatic extracellular matrix microenvironments
Author(s) -
Greiwe L.,
Vinck M.,
Suhr F.
Publication year - 2016
Publication title -
acta physiologica
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.591
H-Index - 116
eISSN - 1748-1716
pISSN - 1748-1708
DOI - 10.1111/apha.12633
Subject(s) - lymphangiogenesis , lymphatic system , skeletal muscle , extracellular matrix , eccentric , contraction (grammar) , inflammation , anatomy , homeostasis , biology , pathology , medicine , microbiology and biotechnology , endocrinology , cancer , metastasis , physics , quantum mechanics
Aim Lymphatic vessels are of special importance for tissue homeostasis, and increases of their density may foster tissue regeneration. Exercise could be a relevant tool to increase lymphatic vessel density ( LVD ); however, a significant lack of knowledge remains to understand lymphangiogenesis in skeletal muscles upon training. Interestingly, training‐induced lymphangiogenesis has never been studied in the heart. We studied lymphangiogenesis and LVD upon chronic concentric and chronic eccentric muscle contractions in both rat skeletal (Mm. Edl and Sol) and cardiac muscles. Methods/Results We found that LVD decreased in both skeletal muscles specifically upon eccentric training, while this contraction increased LVD in cardiac tissue. These observations were supported by opposing local remodelling of lymphatic vessel‐specific extracellular matrix components in skeletal and cardiac muscles and protein levels of lymphatic markers (Lyve‐1, Pdpn, Vegf‐C/D). Confocal microscopy further revealed transformations of lymphatic vessels into vessels expressing both blood (Cav‐1) and lymphatic (Vegfr‐3) markers upon eccentric training specifically in skeletal muscles. In addition and phenotype supportive, we found increased inflammation ( NF ‐ κ B/p65, Il‐1 β , Ifn‐γ , Tnf‐α and MPO + cells) in eccentrically stressed skeletal, but decreased levels in cardiac muscles. Conclusion Our data provide novel mechanistic insights into lymphangiogenic processes in skeletal and cardiac muscles upon chronic muscle contraction modes and demonstrate that both tissues adapt in opposing manners specifically to eccentric training. These data are highly relevant for clinical applications, because eccentric training serves as a sufficient strategy to increase LVD and to decrease inflammation in cardiac tissue, for example in order to reduce tissue abortion in transplantation settings.