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A narrative review with practical advice on how to decrease pain and distress during venepuncture and peripheral intravenous cannulation
Author(s) -
Cozzi Giorgio,
Valerio Paolo,
Kennedy Robert
Publication year - 2021
Publication title -
acta paediatrica
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.772
H-Index - 115
eISSN - 1651-2227
pISSN - 0803-5253
DOI - 10.1111/apa.15526
Subject(s) - venipuncture , medicine , distress , psychological intervention , intensive care medicine , peripheral , health professionals , anesthesia , health care , psychiatry , clinical psychology , economics , economic growth
Venepuncture and peripheral intravenous cannulation are two of the most commonly paediatric performed medical procedures in many healthcare settings. These procedures can cause significant pain and distress at any age, during childhood, so appropriate management is strongly recommended. This review examines the evidence related to pain and distress management during venepuncture and peripheral intravenous cannulation, including preparing the environment, assessing and preparing patients, parental involvement and psychological and pharmacological interventions. It specifically refers to neonates, children with cognitive impairment and children with difficult intravenous access. We provide a brief management strategy, with easily implemented techniques to improve daily practice.