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Adrenaline and cortisol levels are lower during nighttime than daytime hypoglycaemia in children with type 1 diabetes
Author(s) -
Fredheim S,
FoliAndersen P,
Lærkholm G,
Svensson J,
Juhl CB,
Olsen B,
Pilgaard K,
Johannesen J
Publication year - 2018
Publication title -
acta paediatrica
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.772
H-Index - 115
eISSN - 1651-2227
pISSN - 0803-5253
DOI - 10.1111/apa.14310
Subject(s) - medicine , daytime , endocrinology , type 2 diabetes , type 1 diabetes , continuous glucose monitoring , circadian rhythm , diabetes mellitus , hypoglycemia , atmospheric sciences , geology
Aim We investigated children's counter regulatory hormone profiles during a hyperinsulinaemic hypoglycaemic clamp procedure at day and night. Methods In 2013, we assessed the counter regulatory response to hypoglycaemia in eight outpatients with type 1 diabetes, recruited from the Herlev Hospital, Denmark, at a mean age of 9.6 ± 2.3 years. Hyperinsulinaemic 80 mU /m 2 /min clamps were performed with a stepwise reduction in plasma glucose from euglycaemia (7–9 mmol/L) to hypoglycaemia (<3.5 mmol/L) and the glucose nadir (≤2.2 mmol/L) during the day and night. Adrenaline, cortisol, glucagon and growth hormone levels were assessed. Results Adrenaline and growth hormone levels were higher during the day versus the night (p = 0.04 and p = 0.01, respectively). However, at the glucose nadir, the level of adrenaline was lower during the night than the day (0.6 ± 0.2 versus 1.9 ± 0.5 nmol/L, p = 0.016) and cortisol was lower during the day than the night (42 ± 15 versus 319 ± 81 nmol/L, p = 0.016). No differences were demonstrated for glucagon and growth hormone levels based on the same criteria. Conclusion The adrenaline response was blunted during nocturnal iatrogenic hypoglycaemia in our study cohort, and no increase in cortisol levels was demonstrated.