Premium
Case–control study shows that neonatal pneumococcal meningitis cannot be distinguished from group B Streptococcus cases
Author(s) -
Arfi Alexandra,
Cohen Robert,
Varon Emmanuelle,
Béchet Stéphane,
Bonacorsi Stéphane,
Levy Corinne
Publication year - 2017
Publication title -
acta paediatrica
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.772
H-Index - 115
eISSN - 1651-2227
pISSN - 0803-5253
DOI - 10.1111/apa.13919
Subject(s) - streptococcus pneumoniae , meningitis , medicine , streptococcus agalactiae , neonatal meningitis , serotype , cefotaxime , neisseria meningitidis , pneumococcal conjugate vaccine , group b , listeria monocytogenes , streptococcus , erythromycin , pediatrics , microbiology and biotechnology , immunology , antibiotics , biology , bacteria , escherichia coli , biochemistry , genetics , gene
Aim Streptococcus pneumoniae ( S. pneumoniae ) is sometimes implicated in neonatal bacterial meningitis. This study described the demographic, clinical and biological features of neonatal S. pneumoniae meningitis and compared pneumococcal and group B streptococcal ( GBS ) neonatal meningitis. Methods We conducted a case–control study that compared neonates, aged one to 28 days with S. pneumoniae meningitis or GBS meningitis. Each case with S. pneumoniae was randomly matched to four control patients with GBS by age group and study year. Results From 2001 to 2013, the national French paediatric network, which comprises 227 paediatric wards, recorded 831 neonatal cases of meningitis. S. pneumoniae (n = 18, 2.2%) was the fifth infection cause after GBS (n = 464, 55.8%), Escherichia coli (n = 232, 27.9%), Neisseria meningitidis (n = 23, 2.8%) and Listeria monocytogenes (n = 20, 2.4%). Neonatal pneumococcal and GBS meningitis did not differ in demographic data or clinical and biological characteristics. All S. pneumoniae strains were fully susceptible to cefotaxime, and we observed a decrease of 13‐valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine ( PCV 13) serotypes (88.9%–20.0%) after PCV 13 implementation. Conclusion Clinically and biologically, neonatal pneumococcal meningitis could not be distinguished from GBS cases. A herd effect of PCV 13 implementation was suggested by the decrease in the prevalence of vaccine serotypes.