Premium
Relaxation and guided imagery do not reduce stress, pain and unpleasantness for 11‐ to 12‐year‐old girls during vaccinations
Author(s) -
Nilsson Stefan,
Forsner Maria,
Finnström Berit,
Mörelius Evalotte
Publication year - 2015
Publication title -
acta paediatrica
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.772
H-Index - 115
eISSN - 1651-2227
pISSN - 0803-5253
DOI - 10.1111/apa.13000
Subject(s) - medicine , vaccination , relaxation (psychology) , physical therapy , guided imagery , anxiety , psychiatry , immunology
Aim Relaxation and guided imagery is a distraction technique known to reduce discomfort during paediatric medical procedures. We examined whether its use decreased the stress experienced by 11‐ to 12‐year‐old girls receiving the human papilloma virus vaccination, as well as the intensity and unpleasantness of any pain. Methods A randomised crossover trial was conducted with 37 girls. During the first vaccination, each girl was randomised to receive either relaxation and guided imagery or standard care. They then received the other form of care during the second vaccination. Salivary cortisol was measured before each vaccination, and 30 minutes after it was administered. The girls reported pain intensity and pain unpleasantness before and directly after each vaccination and stress after each vaccination. Results On a group level, relaxation and guided imagery did not decrease cortisol levels, self‐reported stress, pain intensity and pain unpleasantness. Salivary cortisol levels decreased significantly in both groups during the second vaccination. Conclusion Relaxation and guided imagery did not prove beneficial during the vaccination of 11‐ to 12‐year‐old girls and is not recommended as a regular nursing intervention. However, further research is needed into effective techniques to help children who experience pain unpleasantness in connection with needle procedures.