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Three‐dimensional design of a geometric model for an ocular prosthesis in ex vivo anophthalmic socket models
Author(s) -
Ruiters Sébastien,
Shujaat Sohaib,
Faria Vasconcelos Karla,
Shaheen Eman,
Jacobs Reinhilde,
Mombaerts Ilse
Publication year - 2021
Publication title -
acta ophthalmologica
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.534
H-Index - 87
eISSN - 1755-3768
pISSN - 1755-375X
DOI - 10.1111/aos.14549
Subject(s) - cadaver , ex vivo , prosthesis , reproducibility , biomedical engineering , impression , imaging phantom , repeatability , medicine , 3d printed , 3d printer , orthodontics , anatomy , nuclear medicine , in vivo , computer science , surgery , mathematics , biology , statistics , microbiology and biotechnology , world wide web , mechanical engineering , engineering
Purpose Fitting a customized ocular prosthesis for anophthalmic patients entails an artisanal labour‐exhausting process and is standardly based on impression moulding of the socket, which may be anatomically inaccurate. The objective of the study was to design an impression‐free socket mould with three‐dimensional (3D) technology. Methods The ex vivo anophthalmic socket models included one silicone, one fresh pig cadaver head and three fresh‐frozen human cadaver heads. After intra‐socket application with iodine substance, five observers obtained eighteen low‐dose cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans and one observer one high‐dose CBCT scan of each model. The observers designed non‐impression 3D moulds of the socket with 3D software. For the human cadaver sockets 3D geometric models of the ocular prosthesis were rendered from the 3D mould of the socket and the mirrored cornea of the contralateral eye. Results The posterior surface of the 3D mould was highly accurate, with a mean absolute deviation of 0.28 mm, 0.53 mm, 0.37 mm and mean upper deviation of 0.53 mm, 0.86 mm, 1.17 mm, respectively, for the phantom, pig and human model. The intra‐ and interobserver repeatability and reproducibility of the 3D moulds and designs was good (<0.35 mm). The largest variation in the 3D geometric model was found at the junction of the 3D mould and mirrored cornea. Conclusion 3D design of an impression‐free geometric model for an ocular prosthesis with low‐dose CBCT is highly accurate in ex vivo anophthalmic socket models. This novel method is a critical step towards the manufacturing of 3D printed ocular prostheses and requires validation in anophthalmic patients.