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Nitric oxide in the pathophysiology of retinopathy: evidences from preclinical and clinical researches
Author(s) -
Opatrilova Radka,
Kubatka Peter,
Caprnda Martin,
Büsselberg Dietrich,
Krasnik Vladimir,
Vesely Pavol,
Saxena Sandeep,
Ruia Surabhi,
Mozos Ioana,
Rodrigo Luis,
Kruzliak Peter,
Santos Katia Goncalves
Publication year - 2018
Publication title -
acta ophthalmologica
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.534
H-Index - 87
eISSN - 1755-3768
pISSN - 1755-375X
DOI - 10.1111/aos.13384
Subject(s) - pathogenesis , retinopathy , diabetic retinopathy , medicine , nitric oxide , blindness , oxidative stress , disease , pathophysiology , bioinformatics , ophthalmology , nitric oxide synthase , immunology , pathology , diabetes mellitus , endocrinology , optometry , biology
Retinopathy is the leading cause of blindness and visual disability in working‐aged people. The pathogenesis of retinopathy is an actual and still open query. Alterations contributing to oxidative and nitrosative stress, including elevated nitric oxide and superoxide production, changes in the expression of different isoforms of nitric oxide synthase or endogenous antioxidant system, have been implicated in the mechanisms how this ocular disease develops. In addition, it was documented that renin–angiotensin system has been implicated in the progression of retinopathy. Based on comprehensive preclinical and clinical researches in this area, the role of above‐mentioned factors in the pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy, hypertensive retinopathy and ischaemic proliferative retinopathy is reviewed in this study. Moreover, the genetic susceptibility factors involved in the development of the retinopathy and possible strategies that utilize antioxidants as additive therapy are also highlighted here.