This issue of ACTA , printed and electronic

Klefter et al. in Copenhagen recorded reduction in retinal perfusion and changes in oxygen saturation in patients with type 1 diabetes. Poulsen et al. in Odense and London report primary retinal detachment in 22 per 100 000 Danes. Age and male gender are risk factors. Vitrectomy with scleral buckle is standard treatment. Karlsson and Kurz in Linköping examine retinal pigment epithelium resistance to oxidative stress. This is related to iron binding proteins and RPE autophagy. Breukink et al. in the Netherlands recorded good effect from photodynamic therapy on central serous chorioretinopathy. The effect was similar in steroid-induced CSR and patients not using steroids. Abouammoh et al. in Saudi Arabia, India and Switzerland examined indocyanine angiography in Vogt– Koyanagi–Harada and describe hypofluorescent dark dots and hyperfluorescent stromal vessels.