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Brain‐Computer Interfaces With Multi‐Sensory Feedback for Stroke Rehabilitation: A Case Study
Author(s) -
Irimia Danut C.,
Cho Woosang,
Ortner Rupert,
Allison Brendan Z.,
Ignat Bogdan E.,
Edlinger Guenter,
Guger Christoph
Publication year - 2017
Publication title -
artificial organs
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.684
H-Index - 76
eISSN - 1525-1594
pISSN - 0160-564X
DOI - 10.1111/aor.13054
Subject(s) - brain–computer interface , rehabilitation , physical medicine and rehabilitation , functional electrical stimulation , proprioception , sensory system , motor imagery , wrist , computer science , linear discriminant analysis , chronic stroke , stroke (engine) , psychology , medicine , artificial intelligence , electroencephalography , stimulation , neuroscience , mechanical engineering , engineering , radiology
Conventional therapies do not provide paralyzed patients with closed‐loop sensorimotor integration for motor rehabilitation. This work presents the recoveriX system, a hardware and software platform that combines a motor imagery (MI)‐based brain‐computer interface (BCI), functional electrical stimulation (FES), and visual feedback technologies for a complete sensorimotor closed‐loop therapy system for poststroke rehabilitation. The proposed system was tested on two chronic stroke patients in a clinical environment. The patients were instructed to imagine the movement of either the left or right hand in random order. During these two MI tasks, two types of feedback were provided: a bar extending to the left or right side of a monitor as visual feedback and passive hand opening stimulated from FES as proprioceptive feedback. Both types of feedback relied on the BCI classification result achieved using common spatial patterns and a linear discriminant analysis classifier. After 10 sessions of recoveriX training, one patient partially regained control of wrist extension in her paretic wrist and the other patient increased the range of middle finger movement by 1 cm. A controlled group study is planned with a new version of the recoveriX system, which will have several improvements.