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Bioengineered Cartilage in a Scaffold‐Free Method by Human Cartilage‐Derived Progenitor Cells: A Comparison With Human Adipose‐Derived Mesenchymal Stromal Cells
Author(s) -
Baptista Leandra S.,
Silva Karina R.,
Pedrosa Carolina S.G.,
Amaral Ronaldo J.F.C.,
Belizário João Vitor,
Borojevic Radovan,
Granjeiro José Mauro
Publication year - 2013
Publication title -
artificial organs
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.684
H-Index - 76
eISSN - 1525-1594
pISSN - 0160-564X
DOI - 10.1111/aor.12121
Subject(s) - mesenchymal stem cell , chondrogenesis , cartilage , adipose tissue , chemistry , microbiology and biotechnology , extracellular matrix , stromal cell , progenitor cell , chondrocyte , stem cell transplantation for articular cartilage repair , tissue engineering , cartilage oligomeric matrix protein , pathology , anatomy , biomedical engineering , stem cell , biology , cellular differentiation , osteoarthritis , medicine , adult stem cell , biochemistry , alternative medicine , gene
The objective of our study was to investigate chondrogenesis potential of human adipose‐derived mesenchymal stromal cells ( MSCs ), using as a positive control a human source of cartilage‐derived progenitor cells ( PCs ). This source of PCs was recently described by our group and dwells on the surface of nasoseptal cartilage. Histological analysis using S afranin O staining and immunofluorescence for actin filaments and collagen type II was performed on three‐dimensional ( 3D ) pellet cultures. Cartilage PCs and adipose MSCs showed similarities in monolayer culture related to cell morphology and proliferation. Our 3D pellet cultures substantially reduced the actin stress and after 21 days under chondrogenic medium, we observed an increase in the pellet diameter for cartilage PCs (7.4%) and adipose MSCs (21.2%). Adipose‐derived MSCs responded to chondrogenic stimulus, as seen by positive areas for collagen type II , but they were not able to recreate a mature extracellular matrix. Using semi‐quantitative analysis, we observed a majority of S afranin O areas rising from blue (no stain) to orange (moderate staining) and no changes in fibroblastic morphology ( P < 0.0001). For cartilage PCs , chondrogenic induction is responsible for morphological changes and a high percentage of matrix area/number of cells ( P ≤ 0.0001), evaluated by computerized histomorphometry. Morphological analyses reveal that adipose‐derived MSCs were not able to recreate a bioengineered cartilage. The cost of culture was reduced, as the cartilage PCs under growth‐factor free medium exhibit a high score for cartilage formation compared with the induced adipose mesenchymal stromal cells ( P = 0.0021). Using a pellet 3D culture, our cartilage PCs were able to produce a cartilage tissue in vitro, leading to the future development of bioengineered products.