Open AccessIntensity of menstrual pain and estimated angle of uterine flexion
Author(s) -
Cagnacci Angelo,
Grandi Giovanni,
Cannoletta Marianna,
Xholli Anjeza,
Piacenti Ilaria,
Volpe Annibale
Publication year - 2014
Publication title -
acta obstetricia et gynecologica scandinavica
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.401
H-Index - 102
eISSN - 1600-0412
pISSN - 0001-6349
DOI - 10.1111/aogs.12266
Subject(s) - medicine , visual analogue scale , pelvic pain , intensity (physics) , uterus , population , obstetrics , physical therapy , gynecology , surgery , physics , environmental health , quantum mechanics
Objective To assess the impact of ultrasound‐estimated uterus position on the intensity of pelvic pain. Design Descriptive analytical study. Setting Tertiary university gynecology unit. Population 181 consecutive patients with pelvic pain. Methods Each woman underwent physical examination, transvaginal sonography and filled self‐administered questionnaires on pain using a 10‐cm visual analog scale ( VAS ). Main outcome measures Visual analog scale score of menstrual pain, intermenstrual pain and dyspareunia was related to uterine version (ante‐ or retroversion) and the angle of uterine flexion (actual angle between cervix and uterine body) evaluated by transvaginal sonography. Results Estimated uterine version was not associated with the intensity of any type of pain. The estimated angle of flexion was higher in retroverted than in anteverted uteri (182.3° ± 50.3° vs. 142.3° ± 24.2°, p < 0.0001). Intensity of menstrual pain was lowest with flexion between 150° and 210° (4.9 ± 3.1) ( p = 0.002), intermediate with flexion <150° (6.3 ± 2.8) and highest with flexion ≥210° (7.9 ± 2.3). Severe menstrual pain was more prevalent with flexion ≥210° (77.7%) than between 150° and 210° (31.4%; p = 0.0008) or <150° (45.2%; p = 0.005). The intensity of intermenstrual pain and dyspareunia were not associated with the angle of flexion. In multiple regression analysis, the angle of flexion was independently related only to the intensity of menstrual pain ( r = 0.272; p = 0.002). Conclusions In women with pelvic pain, ultrasound‐estimated uterine flexion represents an independent risk for intense menstrual pain.