Open AccessNicotinamide improves the growth performance, intermediary metabolism and glucose homeostasis of blunt snout bream Megalobrama amblycephala fed high‐carbohydrate diets
Author(s) -
Shi HuaJuan,
Li XiangFei,
Xu Chao,
Zhang Dingdong,
Zhang Li,
Xia SiLei,
Liu Wenbin
Publication year - 2020
Publication title -
aquaculture nutrition
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.941
H-Index - 79
eISSN - 1365-2095
pISSN - 1353-5773
DOI - 10.1111/anu.13088
Subject(s) - medicine , endocrinology , megalobrama , biology , nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide , glucokinase , nicotinamide , biochemistry , nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate , glycogen synthase , glycogen phosphorylase , carbohydrate metabolism , glycogen , nad+ kinase , insulin , oxidase test , enzyme , gene
A 12‐week feeding trial was conducted to evaluate the effects of nicotinamide on the growth performance, glucose and lipid metabolism of blunt snout bream fed high‐carbohydrate diets. Fish were randomly fed four diets including two dietary carbohydrate levels (300 and 430 g/kg, deriving from corn starch) and two nicotinamide levels (0 and 31.0 mg/kg). Microcrystalline cellulose was incorporated to compensate for the carbohydrate levels required. High‐carbohydrate levels significantly ( p < .05) increased the hepatosomatic index, intraperitoneal fat percentage, the contents of whole‐body lipid and tissues (including liver, muscle and adipose tissue) glycogen and lipid, plasma levels of glucose, glycated serum protein, advanced glycation end products, triglyceride, pyruvate and lactic acid, as well as the hepatic transcriptions of peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor γ (PPARγ), PPARα, glucose transporter 2 (GLUT2), glucokinase (GK), pyruvate kinase (PK), glycogen synthase (GS), glucose‐6‐phosphate dehydrogenase, sterol regulatory element‐binding protein‐1, fatty acid synthase (FAS), carnitine palmitoyl transferase I (CPTI), acetyl‐CoA carboxylase α, whereas the opposite was found for hepatic nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD + ), nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADH) and hepatic sirtuin‐1 (SIRT1) protein level and the transcriptions of SIRT1, forkhead transcription factor 1(FOXO1), phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase, glucose‐6‐phosphatase (G6pase) and acyl‐CoA oxidase ( p < .05). Additionally, nicotinamide supplementation significantly ( p < .05) increased whole‐body lipid and tissues glycogen contents, hepatic NAD + content and the NAD + /NADH ratio, hepatic SIRT1 protein level and the transcriptions of SIRT1 coactivators (PPARγ coactivator‐1α, FOXO1 PPARα), GLUT2, GK, PK, G6pase, GS and CPTI, while the opposite was found for the remaining indicators. Furthermore, a significant ( p < .05) interaction between dietary carbohydrate levels and nicotinamide was also observed in most parameters aforementioned. Overall, nicotinamide benefits the glucose and lipid metabolism of Megalobrama amblycephala fed high‐carbohydrate diets by mediating the transcriptions of SIRT1 and glucose and lipid metabolism‐related genes as well as stimulating glucose transportation, glycolysis, glycogenesis, fatty acid oxidation, while depressing both lipogenesis and gluconeogenesis.