Combined or individual effects of dietary magnesium and selenium nanoparticles on growth performance, immunity, blood biochemistry and antioxidant status of Asian seabass ( Lates calcarifer ) reared in freshwater

This study was conducted to investigate effects of and interactions between nanoselenium (NanoSe) and nanomagnesium (NanoMg) on growth, humoral immunity, serum biochemistry and antioxidant capacity of juvenile Asian seabass Lates calcarifer reared in freshwater. Four groups of fish with an average weight of 32.78 ± 2.23 g were fed one of the experimental diets for 6 weeks: (a) control (basal diet); (b) NanoSe (basal diet + 4 mg NanoSe/kg diet); (c) NanoMg (basal diet + 500 mg NanoMg/kg diet); and (d) combination (basal diet + 4 mg NanoSe/kg diet + 500 mg NanoMg/kg diet). Fish fed with NanoSe‐supplemented diets (NanoSe and combination) showed higher weight gain, specific growth rate and feed intake. The combination of NanoSe and NanoMg enhanced the immune response. Also, fish fed on combination diet showed higher serum alanine aminotransferase and aspartate transaminase levels but lower glucose concentration. The activities of liver superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase and catalase were not different among all groups, but liver malondialdehyde level was lower in fish fed diets supplemented with NanoSe and/or NanoMg. It could be concluded that NanoSe improved growth performance; the combination of both NanoSe and NanoMg enhanced humoral immunity; and NanoSe and/or NanoMg improved antioxidant capacity in Asian seabass.