Open AccessBio‐Ag reutilization of distiller's dried grains with solubles ( DDGS ) as a substrate for black soldier fly larvae, Hermetia illucens , along with poultry by‐product meal and soybean meal, as total replacement of fish meal in diets for Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus
Author(s) -
Webster C.D.,
Rawles S.D.,
Koch J.F.,
Thompson K.R.,
Kobayashi Y.,
Gannam A.L.,
Twibell R.G.,
Hyde N.M.
Publication year - 2016
Publication title -
aquaculture nutrition
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.941
H-Index - 79
eISSN - 1365-2095
pISSN - 1353-5773
DOI - 10.1111/anu.12316
Subject(s) - hermetia illucens , food science , biology , nile tilapia , feed conversion ratio , soybean meal , fish meal , oreochromis , meal , tilapia , distillers grains , protein efficiency ratio , zoology , body weight , larva , fish <actinopterygii> , fishery , botany , ecology , raw material , endocrinology
A feeding trial was conducted in a closed system with Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus, juveniles (mean initial weight, 2.66 g) to examine total replacement of menhaden fish meal ( FM ) with distiller's dried grains with solubles ( DDGS ), which had been used as substrate for the production of black soldier fly larvae, Hermetia illucens , in combination with soybean meal ( SBM ) and poultry by‐product meal ( PBM ), with or without supplementation of the amino acids ( AA ) DL ‐methionine (Met), L‐lysine (Lys) and a commercial non‐amylaceous polysaccharide enzyme (Enz) product. Fish were fed seven isoenergetic [available energy ( AE ) = 4.0 kcal g −1 of diet] and isonitrogenous (350 g kg −1 protein as‐fed basis) practical diets formulated with equivalent digestible protein levels. Diet 1 was formulated to be similar to a commercial, high‐quality, tilapia diet containing 200 g kg −1 FM . Diets 2–5 were formulated as a 2 × 2 factorial to replace FM with similar contributions from DDGS (45%), PBM (25%) and SBM (2.1–2.9%), but to differ in supplementation of AA and/or Enz preparation. Diets 6 and 7 were formulated to investigate the effects of a 2/3 and 1/3 reduction, respectively, in DDGS contribution to the replacement protein mix, with concomitant increases in SBM , with respect to diet 3, and were balanced with Lys and Met. After 6 weeks, growth responses were slightly attenuated ( P ≤ 0.05) and average daily intake ( ADI ) and feed conversion ratio ( FCR ) were slightly higher in tilapia fed DDGS diets 2–5 compared to those of fish fed the FM control diet 1. Growth responses were not significantly affected by the presence or absence of AA or Enz (diets 2–5), or the level of DDGS (diets 3, 7 and 6). Whole‐body proximate composition was not different among treatments. Amino acid profiles of fish fed DDGS diets were not significantly different from those of fish fed the FM control. Evidence of interaction between AA and Enz supplementation was detected in whole‐body amino acid concentrations such that AA content was higher with AA or Enz addition alone, but lower when both were added to the diet. Results suggest that DDGS replacement of FM in tilapia diets can be substantial when diets are formulated on a digestible protein basis and DDGS is combined with highly digestible animal ( PBM ) and plant proteins ( SBM ).