Open AccessEffects of dietary live or heat‐inactivated autochthonous Bacillus pumilus SE 5 on growth performance, immune responses and immune gene expression in grouper Epinephelus coioides
Author(s) -
Yan Y.Y.,
Xia H.Q.,
Yang H.L.,
Hoseinifar S.H.,
Sun Y.Z.
Publication year - 2016
Publication title -
aquaculture nutrition
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.941
H-Index - 79
eISSN - 1365-2095
pISSN - 1353-5773
DOI - 10.1111/anu.12297
Subject(s) - biology , bacillus pumilus , probiotic , grouper , epinephelus , feed conversion ratio , immune system , weight gain , food science , microbiology and biotechnology , zoology , immunology , body weight , fishery , bacteria , fish <actinopterygii> , endocrinology , genetics
To evaluate the possible dietary application of live and heat‐inactivated probiotic Bacillus pumilus SE 5 in grouper Epinephelus coioides , juveniles (14.6 ± 0.2 g) were fed either a basal control diet (without probiotic) or the basal diet supplemented with 1.0 × 10 8 CFU g −1 live (T1) and heat‐inactivated B. pumilus SE 5 (T2). The heat‐inactivated probiotic significantly improved the final weight, weight gain ( WG ) and specific growth rate ( SGR ) at day 60 and significantly decreased the feed conversion ratio ( FCR ) at day 30 and 60, while the viable probiotic significantly decreased the FCR at day 60 ( P < 0.05). Phagocytic activity, serum complement C3 and IgM levels as well as SOD activity elevated significantly in fish fed the heat‐inactivated probiotic for 60 days ( P < 0.05). Furthermore, the heat‐inactivated probiotic remarkably up‐regulated expression of TLR 2 and pro‐inflammatory cytokines ( IL ‐8 and IL ‐1β) in head kidney ( P < 0.05), but the viable probiotic failed to do so. These results indicated that heat‐inactivated B. pumilus SE 5 can effectively improve the growth performance and immune responses of E. coioides .