Open AccessIsolated Left Ventricular Apical Hypoplasia with Right Ventricular Outflow Tract Obstruction: A Rare Combination
Author(s) -
Zhao Yonghui,
Zhang Jiaying,
Zhang Jing
Publication year - 2015
Publication title -
annals of noninvasive electrocardiology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.494
H-Index - 48
eISSN - 1542-474X
pISSN - 1082-720X
DOI - 10.1111/anec.12234
Subject(s) - medicine , hypoplasia , cardiology , sinus rhythm , ventricular outflow tract , ventricular outflow tract obstruction , cardiac magnetic resonance imaging , basal (medicine) , pulmonary hypertension , heart murmur , magnetic resonance imaging , anatomy , radiology , mitral valve , insulin , atrial fibrillation
Isolated left ventricular (LV) apical hypoplasia is a unusual and recently recognized congenital cardiac anomaly. A 19‐year‐old man was found to have an abnormal ECG and cardiac murmur identified during a routine health check since joining work. His ECG revealed normal sinus rhythm, right‐axis deviation, poor R wave progression, and T wave abnormalities. On physical examination, a 2/63/6 systolic murmur was heard at the second intercostal space along the left sternal border. Subsequent echocardiography and cardiac magnetic resonance imaging confirmed the LV apical hypoplasia. Of note, we first found that LV apical hypoplasia was accompanied by RV outflow tract obstruction due to exaggerated rightward bulging of the basal‐anterior septum during systole. A close follow‐up was performed for the development of heart failure, pulmonary hypertension, and potentially tachyarrhythmia.