Premium
Hyponatremia in neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders: Literature review
Author(s) -
Jin S.,
Long Z.,
Wang W.,
Jiang B.
Publication year - 2018
Publication title -
acta neurologica scandinavica
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.967
H-Index - 95
eISSN - 1600-0404
pISSN - 0001-6314
DOI - 10.1111/ane.12938
Subject(s) - hyponatremia , neuromyelitis optica , medicine , antidiuretic , electrolyte disorder , intensive care medicine , syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion , pediatrics , spectrum disorder , multiple sclerosis , hormone , immunology , psychiatry
Hyponatremia is a potentially serious electrolyte abnormality observed in neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders ( NMOSD s), and its most common cause is syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion ( SIADH ). Another potential cause of hyponatremia is cerebral salt‐wasting syndrome ( CSWS ), although CSWS has not previously been reported in NMOSD s. Accurate and early differentiation between SIADH and CSWS is difficult. However, the two conditions have important implications for the selection of therapy. Here, we describe two patients with aquaporin‐4 antibody ( AQP 4‐Ab)‐positive NMOSD s who developed hyponatremia as a result of CSWS and SIADH , respectively. Additionally, we review all previously reported studies of hyponatremia in patients with NMOSD s and propose several potential pathophysiological mechanisms of hyponatremia. In conclusion, NMOSD s accompanied by hyponatremia are not actually rare, but have previously been given little attention. Furthermore, SIADH should not be the only consideration, before the exclusion of rare but significant CSWS .