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Fluid biomarkers for microglial activation and axonal injury in multiple sclerosis
Author(s) -
Zetterberg H.
Publication year - 2017
Publication title -
acta neurologica scandinavica
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.967
H-Index - 95
eISSN - 1600-0404
pISSN - 0001-6314
DOI - 10.1111/ane.12845
Subject(s) - multiple sclerosis , cerebrospinal fluid , medicine , neuroscience , pathology , neurofilament , microglia , disease , immunology , biology , inflammation , immunohistochemistry
Although it is clear that the immune system is an important disease driver in multiple sclerosis ( MS ), it is presently unknown what initiates the process. Infections have been mentioned as potential triggers, which is specifically dealt with in other articles of this volume. Here, I give an overview of two fluid biomarkers that reflect key elements of the MS process: microglial activation (cerebrospinal fluid [ CSF ] sTREM 2) and axonal injury ( CSF and serum/plasma neurofilament light). I review recent data on how these markers are altered in MS , how they change in relation to disease progression and treatment and, finally, how they can be used as tools in MS research.