Vaccines and multiple sclerosis

An association between certain vaccinations and onset or relapse of multiple sclerosis ( MS ) has been debated. Based on PubMed, we made a thorough literature review and included all relevant studies, 51 on MS and 15 on optic neuritis ( ON ). Case studies were excluded. With the exception of a live vaccine against yellow fever, vaccinations appear safe in untreated patients with MS and ON . However, most studies were underpowered, and small risks cannot be excluded. One study of BCG vaccination after the first demyelinating event showed even a reduced risk of developing MS . Further studies are needed to fully exclude a causal association.