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An update on the techniques used to measure oxidative stress in seminal plasma
Author(s) -
Robert Kathy A.,
Sharma Rakesh,
Henkel Ralf,
Agarwal Ashok
Publication year - 2021
Publication title -
andrologia
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.633
H-Index - 59
eISSN - 1439-0272
pISSN - 0303-4569
DOI - 10.1111/and.13726
Subject(s) - capacitation , oxidative stress , hyperactivation , reactive oxygen species , acrosome reaction , lipid peroxidation , andrology , dna fragmentation , sperm , oxidative phosphorylation , acrosome , antioxidant , microbiology and biotechnology , chemistry , biology , biochemistry , medicine , apoptosis , programmed cell death
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are produced in significant amounts by spermatozoa and leucocytes. They are necessary to carry out various physiological functions such as sperm capacitation, hyperactivation, acrosome reaction, sperm‐zona binding and cellular signalling pathways. Oxidative stress (OS) results when the ROS levels overwhelm the available antioxidant reserve. A number of direct and indirect tests have been developed to assess oxidative stress. In this manuscript, we discuss these common direct and indirect tests as well as their advantages and disadvantages. Tests measuring sperm dysfunction secondary to oxidative stress such as lipid peroxidation, DNA fragmentation and protein alterations are also described.